Hypertonic disease is one of the most common pathologies in the cardiac field, which is now diagnosed with every third population on our 45 -year -old planet. In recent years, the disease has become younger and is now often among the number of hypertension patients you can see very young people with high pressure. The main danger of the pathological condition lies in complications. GB can cause heart attacks and stroke, causing breakdown of the main vessel aneurysm, causing the development of abrasive kidney function and sharp deterioration in the quality of vision.
Human blood pressure has upper heart rate, heart or systolic, as well as diastolic pressure or lower renal level. According to WHO standards, this indicator norm cannot be more than 139/89 mm Hg. Art. , If not, it is common to talk about hypertension. Early diagnosis and timely hypertension treatment - a person's opportunity to prevent pathological changes from many internal organs, which will maintain health and enjoy a full life for years.
Cause
Unfortunately, modern medical science has not fully resolved all possible causes of hypertension, but are mostly known as doctors. To identify which factors lead to the development of the disease, only experienced experts, in the process of diagnosis use not only their knowledge, but also many research results that confirm or deny the presence of signs of hypertension in a person.
The main cause of blood pressure growth is a violation of a person's sympathetic system's activity, that is, a permanent central irritation responsible for narrowing the vessels in the brain.
This can happen under the influence of many exos, as well as the endogenous factors that contribute to the sudden blood spasms.
Symptoms of hypertension can appear in people with exogenous factors that are at risk of developing pathological conditions:
- frequent stress and severe nervous tension;
- Incorrect nutrition;
- SEDENTARI LIFE;
- Irregular working days, working on night transitions;
- Fixed use in a large amount of alcohol and strong smoking;
- medicine;
- Intensive sports.
Among the factors of endogenous, age and poor descent come forward, when the disease can move from parent to child. Also, the development of hypertension contributes to:
- atherosclerosis of vascular lesions;
- obesity;
- Metabolic diseases, in particular, diabetes mellitus, hypertyroidism;
- Kidney disease;
- increased levels of calcium and sodium in the blood;
- Hormone changes, which are the most common source of high pressure in women during pregnancy and menopause.
Classification
Currently, there are more than one classification of hypertension. The disease is usually distinguished by the nature of the course, the presence of complications, the causes of development, stress indicators and more.
Modern cardiologists distinguish several degrees of hypertension (depending on high pressure indicators):
- 1 degree pressure increases to 159-140/99-90 mm Hg. Art. ;
- 2 degrees-on mechanical tonometer arrows, indicators 179-160/109-100 mm RT are diagnosed. Art. ;
- 3 degrees - continuous or periodic pressure increases more than 180/110 mm Hg. Art.
According to generally accepted classifications, there are levels of disease like this:
- Increased first -level pressure in pressure without damage to the target organs;
- 2 stages - the presence of signs of damage to the internal organs, including the main target of the heart, blood vessels, eye structure, brain and kidneys;
- Level 3 - increased blood pressure on the background of the development of complications, from a manifestation that can die.
Hypertension has its own type of current, including:
- A benign type or gb variant, when pathological symptoms develop slowly, for decades, and the risk of complications is evaluated as a minimum;
- A malignant disease, where sharp jumps under pressure, target organ lesions and frequent hypertonic crisis (the disease version is difficult to lend itself in drug therapy).
Symptom
The early stages of its development produce almost without symptoms, which complicates its initial detection. In such patients, increased stress can be found accidentally when undergoing physical examination or during normal admission in the clinic.
A more complex type of hypertension characterizes some of the features that worsen one's quality of life and is a reason to appeal to a specialist. The main symptom of the disease is increased blood pressure over 140/90 mm Hg. Art. This condition causes the development of headaches, which is the result of narrowing of the vessels. As a rule, people who are exposed to hypertension complain about the appearance of pain in the nape and temple, pulsating, which is distinguished by the severity and development of a sudden. Such pain and pulse do not pass after taking analgesic agents.
Often, hypertension feels dizzy, which can occur after doing a simple work. These symptoms are often accompanied by nausea and vomiting, as well as general anxiety due to increased intracranial pressure. The narrowing of the vessel -the hearing of the hearing causes the sound of the ear when it looks like a person whose ears are very relaxed, and he practically loses his ability to often see the sound of the environment.
Violation of coronary blood flow leads to the development of myocardial ischemia. Such patients have shortness of breath and good clothing for correction with nitrate. The organs are currently working in enhanced mode to push the blood group into a narrow stem. Each angina pectoris attack accompanies a rapid pulse, clear heart rate and the risk that great complications of pathological conditions will arise as myocardial infarction.
With hypertension, the eyes are deteriorating with sharp deterioration in the vision and the development of the vessel's angiopathy hypertension -the retinal cost is determined. The lower part of the eye is also involved in the pathological process, which swells and reduces the visual nerve. Currently, one records "goosebumps" in front of his eyes, dark circles and so on.
Complications of high pressure symptoms in women most often occur during menopause when menopause occurs. During this time, hormone restructuring occurs in the body of a weaker sex representative with a violation of biologically active ingredients that control the level of normal pressure. That is why hypertension is the most common consequence of menopause among women.
Complication
GB refers to a slow number of dangerous diseases -it develops and is often diagnosed at the appearance of the first complication of the pathological process. With continuous increase in blood pressure in the target organs, dystrophic and sclerotic changes occur, leading to impaired functional function. First of all, the kidneys, brain, heart, visual analysts and blood vessels suffer from arterial hypertension.
There are several risk factors that affect the rate of development of complications with their hypertension and their severity:
- bad habits, especially smoking;
- Inactive lifestyle and increased body mass index;
- increased cholesterol in blood and hyperglycemia;
- frequent stress;
- lack of potassium and magnesium in the body;
- Age -related changes;
- Descent tendency.
With hypertension, the heart has to work in high load, which is associated with the need to push blood into a narrow vessel. Over time, the myocardial wall thickens and on one there is a left ventricular hypertrophy and the hunger of the heart muscle oxygen.
From the side of the heart, some types of hypertension complications are distinguished:
- ischemic disease;
- Angina Pectoris;
- atherosclerosis of the coronary vessels;
- form of acute heart failure in the form of myocardial infarction;
- Chronic heart failure.
High levels of blood pressure cause the appearance of disruption of the brain in a person, which in practice shows dizziness, headache, ears, memory reduction and more. There are several options for complex cerebral complications of hypertension:
- encephalopathy with vestibular disorders;
- ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke;
- Cognitive disorders of brain activity.
As you know, the kidneys control the amount of water and salt in the body. But with increased blood pressure, they can do the main work. This contributes to the emergence of several complications, including:
- Kidney failure;
- violation of fluid filtration and release function;
- Nephrosclerosis.
These disorders lead to the development of several symptoms in hypertension, which indicates kidney pathology. Persons are beginning to complain about general weakness, malaise, appearance, unreasonable nausea.
Eye loss is indicated by the occurrence of bleeding in the retina, optic disc edema and progressive vision loss. In the peripheral vessels with arterial hypertension, the greatest complication is their wall stratification, in particular, known aortic aneurysm, which forms and continues without symptoms, often causes deadly outcomes.
Diagnostics
The diagnosis of GB with the establishment of the stage and the stage of the development of the disease is an important step towards the appointment of adequate treatment of pathological conditions. That is why, when the first signs show hypertension, you should contact the medical institution immediately to find out the causes of increased stress and the method of correction.
Complex Steps -Diagnostic Steps in the case of hypertensive suspicion include several laboratories and instrumental studies, including:
- Laboratory blood tests that allow you to determine the levels of potassium and magnesium, creatinine, harmful cholesterol, glucose and so on;
- Biochemical examination of urine by determining the amount of protein;
- Electrocardiography (ECG);
- Liver ultrasound examination;
- Doppler floometry;
- Inspection of the bottom of the eye.
The diagnosis procedure for hypertension, which allows to determine the level of disruption, consists of two stages:
- The first stage is the determination of clinical manifestations of the disease from the words of hypertension and obtaining additional studies;
- The second stage is a special study that allows you to determine the exact level of the disease and the presence of its complications in patients using magnetic resonance therapy (MRI) or X-ray examination.
Daily monitoring of blood pressure allows for an accurate picture of the disease. Thank you, you can set a variety of pressure fluctuations throughout the day and determine the average indicator, which will characterize hypertension. The main drawback of such studies is the high cost.
Treatment
Hypertension enlargement treatment should take place at a cardiological hospital, where there is a possibility of continuous control over blood pressure levels. In addition, if necessary, the doctor can amend the patient's therapy plan and prescribe a more effective medication to it in each specific clinical case.
They begin to treat the disease with special diet appointments, which are tightly limiting table salts, fatty and fried dishes, as well as outdoors, smoked meats, flour products. Nutrition of hypertension aims to improve general conditions, prevent edema development, heavy normalization and so on.
According to a new European proposal, GB treatment must be comprehensive and must include some drugs, the effect is intended to reduce blood pressure and eliminate the risk of transformation of the disease into a malignant version of the course or the development of pathological conditions. Among the most widely used groups of drugs for hypertension should be distinguished:
- Alpha-blockers;
- Gangloblocators;
- ACE inhibitors;
- beta-blockers;
- calcium channel blockers;
- Diuretics.
Doctors pay special attention to diuretic appointments. In fact, not every diuretics is safe for the body of hypertension because of its nature to wash potassium. That is why the use of these drugs should be combined with the use of potassium preparations under the control of biochemical composition. In addition, diuretics not only reduce pressure, but also eliminate tissue edema by removing excess sodium.
It is strictly forbidden to treat hypertension freely.
It is also not recommended to use traditional medicine hypotensive remedies without coordinating such use with the attending physician. Prohibited actions, as a major contraindication, can cause immediate hypertension crisis and the need for immediate hospital rooms in the hospital to explain the cause of complications and resolve further tactics on their removal.
Prevention
For hypertension prevention, it is necessary to undergo a set of steps aimed at detecting and eliminating timely risk of pathological conditions, as well as increased stress stabilization. To prevent the first signs of the disease, one must normalize his or her lifestyle, abandon bad habits and use salt, increase their physical activity, and even lose weight. Special attention should be paid to potential patients where the risk of developing hypertension is hereditary. This category of people should always be in hand to measure pressure, which they can monitor their condition.
The occurrence of a disturbance by blood pressure can be warned if:
- Leading an active lifestyle (physical education, fitness, massage, fresh walking, ski, swimming in the pool) and regularly training at the gym;
- abandoning harmful foods, smoking and not drinking alcohol;
- reduce salt consumption up to 3-4 g per day;
- prohibit yourself from eating foods with animal fat content, preservatives, cholesterol;
- Take a look at a clear daily routine and practice full sleep;
- prevent the appearance of excess fat deposits, which cause obesity;
- Prevent stress situations;
- Regularly undergo a preventive examination by a cardiologist and take the necessary tests;
- When the first signs of increased pressure arise, seek medical help immediately.
People with tendencies for inherited hypertension should pay attention to their health, play sports and regularly check. The GB -finished diagnosis implies the observation of the patient's dispensary and, if necessary, send them to the Commission to establish a defect.